Insidious and irritating – mites
Mites are small, irritating and insidious – and they are among the most common triggers of allergic conditions in our dogs. There are thousands of species, but for dog owners two groups are especially relevant: the house dust mite and the storage mite. Because they are barely visible to the naked eye (up to 0.5 mm in size), they are often only noticed once the dog is already showing severe symptoms.
Where do these pests lurk?
Here a distinction has to be made, as the mites prefer different habitats:
- Storage mites: They frequently occur in dry grain, maize and, unfortunately, often in dry food that has been stored for too long or incorrectly (open, damp). They feed on plant matter and mould spores.
- House dust mites: They live in the dog's environment (carpets, dog bed) and feed on skin flakes and organic waste from humans and animals.
Symptoms: itching and ear problems
Dogs usually react to the allergens (the mites' droppings) through their skin. A very typical early warning sign is inflamed ears (otitis externa), as the skin inside the ear is particularly sensitive and the warm, moist climate favours mites and bacteria. If recurring ear infections occur, an allergy should be right at the top of the list of suspects.
The reaction is often severe: the dog scratches itself until it bleeds, licks its paws or scoots along on its bottom. The constant scratching destroys the skin barrier, which opens the door to bacteria and yeasts (Malassezia). So-called secondary infections develop, which itch and smell intensely.
Treatment and therapy
The vet will usually carry out an allergy test (blood test or intradermal test) to find the exact trigger. Once the culprit has been identified, there are various options:
- Immunotherapy (desensitisation): Here the dog's immune system is slowly accustomed to the trigger. The chances of success are around 70 to 80 per cent, but it requires patience.
- Medication: In the acute phase, anti-itch remedies (antihistamines, Apoquel or Cytopoint) are often used.
- Caution with cortisone: Cortisone is often injected quickly. Although this relieves the itching immediately, it also weakens the skin's own defences. Especially when bacteria or fungi are already involved, cortisone can make the problem worse in the long term.
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The content of the articles is for general information purposes only and does not replace diagnosis or treatment by a veterinarian. This information does not constitute medical advice and should not be construed as such.
